Switching the Utilization of Hydrocarbons

from Polluting Energy Sources to Benin Super-Materials

 

Since the antiquity hydrocarbons have been extensively utilized to produce energy in efficient enough ways, starting with making fire, lighting habitats, and then as weapon. Because of the easiness of the technology and the abundance of hydrocarbons compared to the then small population, this practice has accelerated dramatically. With the industrial revolution energy started to be used to power vehicles, which increased the energy consumption exponentially; the trend has not relaxed since then.

     The question “Why it has become urgent to move away from burning hydrocarbon materials and to adopt renewable energy (RE) technologies?” has not been debated thus far. Only, components of this fundamental question have been discussed in length, but separately, in national and international scientific and engineering venues at the thought, practical, and policies levels. No emphasis has ever been put on the true value of hydrocarbons. The understanding of these questions would elevate hydrocarbons to their exact values, like any other precious material, and would prevent dilapidating the remaining resources.

 

Read more: 4.c.01. Switching...

Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy in the Transport Sector

If we want a sustainable world, and righteously we do, then certainly future transportation will have to rely on technologies that take in consideration energy conservation and the use of alternative energy sources. In that regard, photovoltaic powered lightweight and hybrid cars will be our best bet. Cars used for commuting will no longer be four-wheel drive, SUV, or even the sedan that we know. The weight of future cars will be minimized and the energy the car uses will originate from a mix of many energy sources on board of the vehicle. Also the future will not be for battery powered cars designed with the weight, size, and luxury we are familiar with.

Read more: 4.c.02. Energy Conservation...

If we could ever competitively, at a cheap rate, get freshwater from saltwater, that would really dwarf any other scientific accomplishments.” John F. Kennedy

Various desalination technologies have been since developed. Numerous large scale plants have started decades ago. Respectable achievements are seen in many places in the world; but many questions remain, such as, but not limited to: Are these efforts enough? Is the throughput/watt sufficient to guarantee sustainability? Are the employed technologies well adapted to the user conditions. Are employed technologies economically sound, and affordable by users? Are they competitive with other technologies and with existing fresh water sources? Are they energy independent, or at least weakly constrained by the type of energy source?  Are the desalination solutions durable? What are the impact of current techniques on the environment?

The ultimate solutions for "fresh water to everyone on the planet" and that answer all the above questions at once are nothing but: Solar Desalination, Decentralized Desalination, Offshore Wind Desalination, Water Conservation, and Water Re-use. 

Continue reading, 4.c.03. Solar Desalination

Solar Desalination Alternative that Today Could Supplement and Tomorrow Would Substitute On-Going Desalination Mega-Projects in the Gulf Region

 

The Gulf States, in the MENA region, are putting tremendous efforts to provide their citizens with fresh water, which is produced by desalination of sea water. This is long overdue, since many scientists in the seventies have been calling for MENA governments to act upon the insufficiency of fresh water. They have suggested technologies to solve the problem. Among these were scientists from Tunisia, who formed a research and development embryo at the IRST, that later have produced significant R&D work in the area of solar desalination.

The current development in the Gulf States is indeed very promising. It is hoped that the effort will be sustained and, ultimately, will rely on technologies powered by energy sources other than oil and gas.

Sea Water Desalination project in Qatar (Pictures extracted from video in Ref. 1).

Continue reading, 4.c.04. On-Going...

Is Powering Trucks, Buses, and Cars with Batteries a Good Idea?  [1]

Some emergent electric transportation technologies are discussed in connection to future energy reality, and the need for material conservation and sustainability. While analyzing the transportation technology trends, some conclusions on future sustainable scenarios for public and fret transportation will be derived. The discussion starts with looking critically at two technologies that seem to attract savvy engineers, the automotive industry and business, as well as many informed and less-informed consumers.

Information and pictures were retrieved from popular articles [2, 3]. Many of these are selected from papers commented by professionals in LinkedIn.  The relevance of such publications is clear from the opinions of the readers, representing a diverse and large base. I must note that public opinion is important, in particular in a field where technology development is driven by consumers.

Read more: 4.c.05. Sustainable...